Ucingo
Thumela I-imeyili
Ulwazi Olufanele
Yiziphi i-normalizing, ukucisha kanye nokuthulisa?
1. lungisa
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yokushisa izingxenye zensimbi ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi, lizibambe isikhathi esifanelekile, bese lizipholisa emoyeni omile kubizwa ngokuthi i-normalizing.
Inhloso eyinhloko ye-normalization ukuhlanza isakhiwo, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zensimbi, nokuthola isakhiwo esiseduze nokulinganisa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokukhishwa kwe-annealing, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-normalization kanye ne-annealing ukuthi izinga lokupholisa lokujwayelekile lishesha kancane, ngakho-ke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wokwelapha ukushisa okujwayelekile mfushane. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-annealing kanye nokujwayelekile kokubili kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zezingxenye, ukujwayelekile kufanele kusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
2.Ukucisha
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yokushisa izingxenye zensimbi ekushiseni okuthile ngaphezu kwephuzu elibalulekile, ukuyigcina isikhathi esithile, bese ipholisa emanzini (amafutha) ngesivinini esifanele ukuthola i-martensite noma isakhiwo se-bainite ibizwa ngokuthi i-quenching.
Umehluko oyinhloko wenqubo phakathi kokucisha, ukudonsa, kanye nokujwayelekile izinga lokupholisa okusheshayo, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthola isakhiwo se-martensitic. Isakhiwo se-martensite yisakhiwo esingalingani esitholakala ngemva kokucisha insimbi. Inokuqina okuphezulu kodwa ipulasitiki empofu kanye nokuqina. Ubulukhuni be-martensite bukhuphuka ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi.
3.Ukushisa
Ngemva kokuba izingxenye zensimbi ziqinisiwe, zishiselwa ekushiseni okuthile ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi, zigcinwe isikhathi esithile, bese zipholiswa ekamelweni lokushisa. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-temering.
Ngokuvamile, izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile futhi kufanele zifutheke ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziswe. Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi ecishiwe inokuqina nokuqina okuphezulu, ukuphuka kwe-brittle ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma isetshenziswa ngokuqondile. Ukushisa kungaqeda noma kunciphise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kunciphise ukuqina, futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina; ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhiwo zemishini yensimbi ecishiwe zingalungiswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kwensimbi. Ngokusho kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene, ukushisa kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukushisa okuphansi, ukushisa okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu.
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi liba ngu-150 ~ 250. Yehlisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kanye nokuqina, futhi ugcine ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka ngemva kokucisha.
B Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo 350~500; ngcono nokunwebeka namandla.
C Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokushisa 500 ~ 650; Ukushisa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe ngaphezu kuka-500 ℃ kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okuphezulu. Ngemva kokushisa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe zinezakhiwo ezinhle eziphelele zemishini (kokubili amandla athile nobulukhuni, kanye nepulasitiki ethile nokuqina). Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile insimbi ye-carbon steel ne-medium carbon alloy steel ngokuvamile ziphathwa ngokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa ngemva kokucisha. Izingxenye ze-shaft zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Quenching + Ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa kubizwa ngokuthi i-quenching and tempering treatment.